Ukuhlaziywa Kokwakhiwa Nokuqhekeka Kokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Phosphorus ku-Carbon Structural Steel
Njengamanje, ukucaciswa okuvamile kwe-carbon structural steel wire rods kanye nemigoqo ehlinzekwa yizigayo zensimbi yasekhaya yi-φ5.5-φ45, futhi ububanzi obuvuthiwe bungu-φ6.5-φ30.Kunezingozi eziningi zekhwalithi ezibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus kuzintambo zocingo ezinosayizi omncane kanye nempahla eluhlaza.Ake sikhulume ngethonya lokuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwemifantu ukuze uthole inkomba yakho.
Ukwengezwa kwe-phosphorus ensimbi kungavala ngokuhambisanayo isifunda sesigaba se-austenite kumdwebo wesigaba se-iron-carbon.Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-solidus ne-liquidius kufanele likhuliswe.Uma insimbi equkethe i-phosphorus ipholiswa isuka oketshezini iye kokuqinile, idinga ukudlula ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi.Izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwe-phosphorus ensimbi lihamba kancane.Ngalesi sikhathi, insimbi encibilikisiwe ene-phosphorus ephezulu (indawo encibilikayo ephansi) igcwaliswa ezikhaleni phakathi kwama-dendrites okuqala aqinile, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus.
Esihlokweni esibandayo noma inqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo, imikhiqizo eqhekekile ivame ukubonakala.Ukuhlolwa kwe-metallographic nokuhlaziywa kwemikhiqizo eqhekekile kubonisa ukuthi i-ferrite ne-pearlite isakazwa ngamabhande, futhi umugqa wensimbi omhlophe ungabonakala ngokucacile ku-matrix.Ku-ferrite, kukhona okufakiwe kwe-sulfide okumpunga okukhanyayo okusikhashana okumise okwebhendi kule matrix ye-ferrite emise okwebhendi.Lesi sakhiwo esimise okwebhande esibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sulfur phosphide sibizwa ngokuthi "umugqa wesipoki".Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo enothile nge-phosphorus endaweni enokuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus ibonakala imhlophe futhi ikhanya.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus yebhande elimhlophe nelikhanyayo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-phosphorus-ecebile ibhande elimhlophe nelikhanyayo kuyancishiswa noma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuncane kakhulu.Ngale ndlela, amakristalu ekholomu e-casting slab eqhubekayo athuthuka abheke enkabeni ngesikhathi sokusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwebhande elinothiswe nge-phosphorus..Uma i-billet iqina, ama-austenite dendrite aqala ukuncibilika kusuka ensimbi encibilikisiwe.I-phosphorus nesulfure equkethwe kula ma-dendrite iyancishiswa, kodwa insimbi yokugcina encibilikisiwe eqinile inothile nge-phosphorus nezakhi zokungcola kwesibabule, eziqinisa phakathi kwe-dendrite axis, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus nesulfure, isulfure izokwakha i-sulfide, futhi i-phosphorus izoncibilika ku-matrix.Akulula ukusabalalisa futhi kunomphumela wokukhipha ikhabhoni.Ikhabhoni ayikwazi ukuncibilika phakathi, ngakho-ke eduze kwesisombululo esiqinile se-phosphorus (Izinhlangothi zebhande elimhlophe le-ferrite) linokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu.Isici sekhabhoni ezinhlangothini zombili zebhande le-ferrite, okungukuthi, ezinhlangothini zombili zendawo ehlanganiswe ne-phosphorus, ngokulandelana kwakha ibhande elincane, eliphakathi kwe-pearlite elihambisana nebhande elimhlophe le-ferrite, kanye nezicubu ezijwayelekile eziseduze.Lapho i-billet ishisa futhi icindezelwe, ama-shafts azokwengeza eduze kwesiqondiso sokucubungula.Kungenxa yokuthi ibhande le-ferrite liqukethe i-phosphorus ephezulu, okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus okungathi sína kuholela ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sebhendi ye-ferrite ebanzi futhi ekhanyayo, enensimbi esobala Kunemicu empunga ekhanyayo ye-sulfide ebhandeni elibanzi nelikhanyayo umzimba element.Leli bhande le-ferrite elicebile nge-phosphorus elinemicu emide ye-sulfide yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi "i-ghost line" inhlangano (bheka Umfanekiso 1-2).
Umfanekiso 1 Intambo yesipoki ku-carbon steel SWRCH35K 200X
Umfanekiso 2 Intambo yesipoki ku-plain carbon steel Q235 500X
Uma insimbi ishisa igoqwe, inqobo nje uma kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus ku-billet, akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-microstructure efanayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okunzima kwe-phosphorus, isakhiwo se-"ghost wire" senziwe, okuzonciphisa nakanjani izakhiwo zemishini yezinto..
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus ku-carbon steel kuvamile, kodwa izinga lihlukile.Lapho i-phosphorus ihlukaniswa kakhulu (isakhiwo "somugqa wesipoki" sivela), sizoletha imiphumela emibi kakhulu ensimbi.Ngokusobala, ukuhlukaniswa okunzima kwe-phosphorus kuyimbangela yokuqhekeka kwezinto ngesikhathi senqubo yesihloko esibandayo.Ngenxa yokuthi okusanhlamvu okuhlukene ensimbi kunokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus okuhlukile, impahla inamandla ahlukene nobulukhuni;ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde Yenza izinto ezibonakalayo zikhiqize ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kuzokhuthaza impahla ukuba ijwayele ukuqhekeka kwangaphakathi.Endabeni enesakhiwo se-"ghost wire", ukuncishiswa kokuqina, amandla, ukuphakama ngemuva kokuphuka nokunciphisa indawo, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa ukuqina komthelela, okuzoholela ekubandeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus. kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi Iba nobuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwe-Metallographic Kuthishu "yomugqa wesipoki" maphakathi nendawo yokubuka, kunenombolo enkulu yama-sulfide amade ampunga.I-non-metallic inclusions ensimbi yesakhiwo ikakhulukazi ikhona ngendlela yama-oxides nama-sulfide.Ngokusho kwe-GB/T10561-2005 "Indlela Yokuhlola Ishadi Elijwayelekile Lokugreda I-Microscopic Yokuqukethwe Kokufakwa Okungeyona Insimbi Ensimbi", ukufakwa kohlobo B kufakwe engozini ngalesi sikhathi Izinga lempahla lifinyelela ku-2.5 nangaphezulu.Njengoba sonke sazi, ukufakwa okungezona ezensimbi kuyimithombo engaba khona yokuqhekeka.Ukuba khona kwazo kuzolimaza kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokubumbana kwe-microstructure yensimbi, futhi kunciphise kakhulu amandla ensimbi e-intergranular.Kusuka kulokhu ukuthi ukuba khona kwama-sulfide "kumugqa wesipoki" wesakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi yindawo engenzeka kakhulu yokuqhekeka.Ngakho-ke, ukuqhekeka okubandayo okukhangayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okucisha imifantu enanini elikhulu lezindawo zokukhiqiza izigxivizo kubangelwa inani elikhulu lama-sulfide anombala ompunga okhanyayo.Ukubonakala kwama-weave amabi anjalo kubhubhisa ukuqhubeka kwezakhiwo zensimbi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokwelashwa kokushisa."Intambo yesipoki" ayikwazi ukususwa ngokujwayelekile, njll., futhi izakhi zokungcola kufanele zilawulwe ngokuqinile kusukela kunqubo yokuncibilikisa noma ngaphambi kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zingene efektri.
I-non-metallic inclusions ihlukaniswe i-alumina (uhlobo A) i-silicate (uhlobo C) kanye ne-spherical oxide (uhlobo D) ngokusho kokwakheka nokukhubazeka kwayo.Ukuba khona kwazo kunqamula ukuqhubeka kwensimbi, futhi imigodi noma imifantu yakheka ngemva kokucwecwa.Kulula kakhulu ukwakha umthombo wokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokushisa okubandayo futhi kubangele ukugxila kokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, okuholela ekucimeni kokuqhekeka.Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okungezona ezensimbi kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile.Izindinganiso zamanje zensimbi ze-GB/T700-2006 "Carbon Structural Steel" kanye ne-GB/T699-2016 "High-quality Carbon Structural Steel" azenzi izidingo ezicacile zokufakwa okungezona ezensimbi..Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, imigqa emagebhugebhu necolekileyo ka-A, B, no-C ngokuvamile ayibi ngaphezu kuka-1.5, kanti u-D no-D imigqa emaholoholo nemicibisholo ayikho ngaphezu kuka-2.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-21-2021
